Human immunodeficiency virus is a slowly - replicating retrovirus. It causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) a situation in people during which progressive failure of the immune system permits life-threatening opportunistic infections and cancers to thrive. AIDS is the late stage of HIV an infection, when an individual's immune system is severely broken and has problem preventing ailments and sure cancers. HIV assessments are used to detect the presence of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the virus that causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), in serum, saliva or urine. Such assessments inform you if you're contaminated with HIV or not. In line with a tough estimate given by the World Well being Group (WHO), as of 2000, insufficient blood screening had been resolved in 1 million new HIV infections worldwide.
1 in four new HIV infections happens in youth aged between 13-24 years, in line with CDC.
There are two kinds of HIV virus, the HIV-1 and the HIV-2. Untitled in any other case, in the US, the time period "HIV" primarily refers back to the HIV-1. HIV-2 infections are predominately present in Africa.
Each HIV-1 and HIV-2 works by infecting and reducing the degrees of the CD4 + T cells, cells that are crucial to assist the physique combat ailments. When CD4 + T cell numbers decline under a crucial degree, the physique turns into progressively extra prone to opportunistic infections. HIV-1 and HIV-2 seem to bundle their RNA in a different way. Exams point out that HIV-1 is healthier capable of mutate (HIV-1 an infection progresses to AIDS quicker than HIV-2 an infection and is accountable for almost all of world infections).
HIV is unfold by means of blood and genital fluids, together with pre-seminal fluids and semen or breast milk. One can turn out to be contaminated with HIV by partaking in unprotected intercourse or different kinds of sexual habits with an HIV-positive particular person, or by sharing needles, syringes or different injection tools with somebody who's contaminated with HIV.
It typically takes a short time to get correct outcomes from an HIV take a look at. It is because the blood assessments that you simply take usually are not testing for the presence of HIV itself in your blood however are as a substitute testing for the antibodies that your physique creates in an try and combat the virus. Many HIV-positive persons are unaware that they're contaminated with the virus.
The period of time required for antibodies to indicate up on HIV assessments is extremely variable, as they'll present up as early as two weeks or as late as six months. Throughout that interval, you may take a look at HIV unfavourable despite the fact that you're contaminated with the virus. You may nonetheless catch HIV from somebody who's within the window interval. Since donors are unaware of their infections, donated blood and blood merchandise utilized in medication are routinely checked for the HIV virus.
Each you and your companion ought to get examined for HIV and know your standing earlier than having intercourse for the primary time. Pregnant girls must be positively examined throughout every being pregnant. If the mom is contaminated with HIV, care must be taken of minimizing the prospect of passing the virus to the infant. Medicines can be found at present, which was taken correctly throughout being pregnant and is definitely decrease the chance of passing the HIV virus to the infant.
Probably the most generally used HIV take a look at is a blood take a look at. Blood will first be examined utilizing the ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) take a look at. If antibodies to HIV are current within the serum, they might bind to those HIV antigens.
ELISA outcomes are reported as a quantity. If ELISA take a look at is optimistic, the outcomes can be confirmed utilizing the Western Blot take a look at, which assessments just for HIV antibodies. In the US such ELISA outcomes usually are not reported as 'positives', except confirmed by a Western Blot take a look at. Newer HIV assessments can detect HIV antibodies in mouth fluids (not saliva), a scrapping from contained in the mouth or urine. In 2012, the FDA authorized the primary "in-home" HIV take a look at. It makes use of a mouth swab and present ends in 30-40 minutes. Any optimistic take a look at end result must be confirmed by a lab utilizing the Western Blot.
After a unfavourable sixth-month take a look at, it is strongly recommended that people get one ultimate test achieved six months later to verify the outcomes. If the outcomes are nonetheless unfavourable, it's virtually sure that the particular person will not be contaminated with HIV.
HIV is just like different viruses, comparable to people who trigger chilly and flu, with one vital distinction - the human physique cannot eliminate HIV. Meaning. When you get HIV, you get it for LIFE.
Proper now we're at a crucial second within the combat towards HIV / AIDS.
AIDS was once a dying sentence, however now greater than eight million persons are on life-saving remedy. By 2015, with the size up of remedy and prevention for HIV, we might see the start of the top of AIDS.
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